Which nutrient deficiencies can impair immune function?

• A. Water and carbohydrates
• B. Vitamins and minerals
• C. Proteins only
• D. Fats exclusively

Answer: (B)

Nutrient deficiencies that impair immune function primarily involve vitamins and minerals because these micronutrients play critical roles in maintaining and enhancing the immune response. For instance, vitamins such as A, C, D, and E, along with various B vitamins, contribute to the functioning of immune cells and the overall immune system. Minerals like zinc, selenium, and iron are also vital, as they are involved in the development and activity of immune cells, regulation of inflammation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms.

In contrast, while water is essential for overall health and carbohydrate and protein deficiencies can impact energy levels and muscle maintenance, they do not directly influence immune function to the same extent as vitamins and minerals. Fats also have roles in the body, but the specific contributions of vitamins and minerals to the immune system particularly highlight their vital importance in defending the body against infections and diseases. Therefore, a deficiency in these micronutrients can lead to weakened immune responses, making the correct choice focus on vitamins and minerals.